I do recall, however, that we used the code name `Quebec in referring to him and that he was recruited for Soviet intelligence work while in Moscow., (An intensive investigation was launched to identify and locate Quebec. It quickly produced results when, in examining a hollow piece of steel from Hayhanens home, the FBI Laboratory discovered a piece of microfilm less than one-inch square. This man occasionally walked about the park; he appeared to be nervous; and he created the impression that he was looking for someonepossibly attempting to determine any unusual activity in the neighborhood. However, at the first session, the summit collapsed after President Dwight D. Eisenhower refused to apologize to Khrushchev for the U-2 incident. Alternate titles: Emil R. Goldfus, Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, William August Fisher. He had then spent three years in Finland taking over Maki's identity. A lock () or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. In the mid-1920s, Eugene Makis parents became deeply impressed by glowing reports of conditions in the new Russia. In 1927, the family migrated to Estonia. According to the lieutenant general of the Foreign Intelligence V. G. Pavlov: The very first chapter of the novel, called The Shield and the Sword, aroused categorical objections from me and R. I. Abel. In 1957, Reino Hayhanen, a lieutenant colonel in the KGB, walked into the American embassy in Paris and announced his intention to defect to the West. [56][57] Also discovered were photographs of the Cohens and recognition phrases to establish contact between agents who had never met before. [63] In Abel v. United States, the United States Supreme Court upheld his conviction by a vote of 54. [6] In 1896, he was arrested for sedition and sentenced to three years internal exile. Count One (Conspiracy to transmit defense information to the Soviet Union), 30 years imprisonment. [2] Once the FBI had a positive identification, they stepped up surveillance, following Fisher from his studio to the Hotel Latham. NUMBER 1, 3RD OF DECEMBER.. There were two ladies in the apartment across from the one occupied by Jimmys customer. He had arrived in the United States in October 1916 and became a naturalized American citizen at Grand Rapids, Michigan on December 30, 1930. He was to deliver a report from a Soviet agent at the United Nations secretariat, to a dead-letter box for collection. [53] During this period Fisher stated that his "real" name was Rudolf Ivanovich Abel and that he was a Soviet citizen, although he refused to discuss his intelligence activities. From 1953 to 1957, continuing efforts were made to solve the mystery of the hollow coin. In 1962, he was. Following World War II, he rose to the rank of senior operative authorized representative of the Segozerski district section of the NKGB and, with headquarters in the Village of Padani, set about the task of identifying dissident elements among the local citizens. [29], In 1950, Fisher's illegal residency was endangered by the arrest of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, for whom Lona Cohen had been a courier. Following his family's return to Russia in 1921, Fisher joined the Komsomol, the Communist Party youth organization, and worked as a translator. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. He adopted his alias when arrested on charges of conspiracy by the FBI in 1957. Rudolf Abel was arrested while undercover in the U.S. The latter must have "felt it" - . The hollow nickel found by the Brooklyn newspaper boy, The coded message contained in the hollow nickel. [43] Fisher checked his drop points only to find messages several months old, while Hyhnen's radio transmissions had routinely been sent from the same location using incorrect radio frequencies. The FBIs next task was to identify Mark, the Soviet agent who had succeeded Mikhail as Hayhanens contact man. economics. Goldfus disappeared about April 26, 1957. CONSULT WITH US PRIOR TO INVESTING IT IN ANY KIND OF BUSINESS, ADVISING THE CHARACTER OF THIS BUSINESS.3. From the latter part of August 1952 until April 1954, he had served as the first secretary to the Soviet United Nations Delegation in New York. From New York came a half dollar which had been ground in such a manner that smaller coins could be concealed under it. [62] The jury retired for three and a half hours and returned on the afternoon of October 25, 1957, finding Fisher guilty on all three counts. This also was the case with the hollow nickel. On July 15, 1947, Andrew Kayotis, then residing in Detroit, was issued a passport so that he could visit relatives in Europe. The Cohens were quickly spirited to Mexico before moving on to Moscow. He was sent to the federal penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia. WE WISH YOU SUCCESS. However the report never arrived. It was collecting time again. Inside was a tiny photographapparently a picture of a series of numbers. The agents immediately suspected that they had found a coded espionage message. In about 1948 he illegally entered the United States and, under the name of Emil R. Goldfus, lived for some time as an artist and photographer in a Brooklyn studio apartment, where he concealed shortwave-radio transmitting and receiving equipment. Donovan successfully argued against the death penalty for "Colonel Abel" by suggesting he could be used for a future prisoner exchange with the Soviet Union. Charged with espionage, he confessed to being a Soviet spy named "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel" -- believed to be a signal to his superiors that he had been captured. His helper, deployed to the USA began to demonstrate signs of instability and nervousness. Prior to his departure, Hyhnen returned to Bear Mountain Park and retrieved the buried $5,000 for his own use. The search for this storage room led FBI agents to a building at 252 Fulton Street. [17], Fluent in English, Russian, German, Polish and Yiddish,[18] Fisher worked for the Comintern as a translator following his family's return to the Soviet Union. Following his return to Russia what happened to Rudolf Abel? It is an absolute necessity. As a precaution, Fisher was ordered to leave the United States. Ill ask the people across the hall, he said. Although he refused to discuss his intelligence activities, the photo studio and hotel room which he occupied were virtual museums of modern espionage equipment. [45], During Fisher's detainment the FBI had been searching his hotel room and photo studio, where they discovered espionage equipment including shortwave radios, cipher pads, cameras and film for producing microdots, a hollow shaving brush, and numerous "trick" containers including hollowed-out bolts. Less than three years later, on May 1, 1960, Francis Gary Powers took off from Peshawar, Pakistan, at the controls of an ultra-sophisticated Lockheed U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft. Place seems right. Abel, who was born in Newcastle as William Fisher and once worked at Swan Hunter in Wallsend, went on to become a Russian spy during the Cold War. If you suspect that you are under surveillance, place a white thumb tack on the board.. In the summer of 1948, Hayhanen was called to Moscow by the KGB. Bridge of Spies is the best. [24] Fisher's role in this operation was rewarded with what his superiors regarded as one of the most prestigious postings in Soviet foreign intelligence, the United States. FBI Laboratory experts examined this Finnish coin on May 17, 1957. The newsboy rested this coin, a nickel, on the middle finger of his hand. Hollow Nickel/Rudolf Abel One of the nation's most fascinatingand ultimately significantspy cases began in the summer of 1953, when a Brooklyn newspaper boy dropped a nickel he had just. When the New York detective contacted him, Jimmy handed over the hollow nickel and the photograph it contained. In 1990 the USSR released a stamp depicting Rudolf Abel as part of series: Damaskin, Igor with Elliott, Geoffrey. They immediately noted that it bore a great similarity to the Jefferson nickel which the Brooklyn newsboy had discovered in 1953. Fisher was aware of the "tail" but, as he had no passport to leave the country, he devised a plan to be used upon his capture. He also rented a fifth-floor studio at the Ovington Studios Building on Fulton Street. Among the government witnesses to testify against him was his former trusted espionage assistant, Lieutenant Colonel Reino Hayhanen. Operating as a Soviet spy in New York City, he was imprisoned for espionage following a high-profile trial in 1957. The case, which had made international headlines and turned James Donovan into a public pariah, faded into obscurity. They also made several short trips together to Atlantic City, Philadelphia, Albany, Greenwich, and other communities in the eastern part of the United States. The .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Steven Spielberg-helmed flick starred Tom Hanks as Donovan, with British actor Mark Rylance taking on the role of the mysterious Soviet spy. Its not suitable for a magic trick, one novelty salesman commented. Kayotis had been in poor health and died while visiting relatives in Vilnius, Lithuania. They were to resurface in the United Kingdom using the identities of Peter and Helen Kroger. Mark made another admissionthat he was a Russian citizen, Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, born July 2, 1902 in the Soviet Union. At 10:00 p.m., they saw the lights go on in Goldfus studio, and a man was observed moving in the room. On June 21, 1957, he was arrested by the FBI, and on October 25, 1957, a federal district court in Brooklyn found him guilty of espionage, relying in part on testimony by Soviet Lieutenant Colonel Reino Hayhanen, who had defected to the West and who stated that he had been Abel's chief coconspirator in the United States. Rudolph Abel Exchange For Garry Powers (1962) Watch on. Roughly halfway through his journey, he was shot down over Sverdlovsk in the Ural Mountains. Accordingly, passage was secured for Hayhanen on an airliner, and he was permitted to return to the United States. Fisher, or "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel", was to serve his sentence (as prisoner 80016A)[64] at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, Georgia. WE CONFIRM THE RECEIPT OF YOUR LETTER TO THE ADDRESS `V REPEAT V AND THE READING OF LETTER NUMBER 1.2. Hollow coins, though rarely seen by the ordinary citizen, are occasionally used in magic acts and come to the attention of federal law enforcement agencies from time to time. Frederic LeRoy Pryor (April 23, 1933 - September 2, 2019) was an American economist. Yes, they remembered Jimmy; but, if either had given him a hollow nickel, it was entirely unintentional. Nearly 10 years later, Mark was to admit that he had used Kayotis passport during the fall of 1948 in booking passage aboard an ocean liner from LeHavre, France, to Canada. Full information concerning Rhodes involvement in Russian espionage was disseminated to the Army; and following a court-martial, he was sentenced to serve five years at hard labor.). Forced into retirement in 1971, he died of lung cancer on November 15 of that year. In 1949, Hyhnen freely obtained Maki's birth certificate. Additionally, the kind of typewriter which had been used in preparing the coded message could not be identified. He returned to the Soviet Union in 1936, as head of a school that trained radio operators destined for duty in illegal residences. Yet, the relentless search to identify the person who had brought the hollow nickel to New York, as well as the person for whom the coded message was intended, continued. Codenamed "VIK", Hyhnen arrived in New York on the RMS Queen Mary, under the alias Eugene Nikolai Maki. End of preview. According to Genesis, Abel, a shepherd, offered the Lord the firstborn of his flock. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. To exchange messages and intelligence data, they used dead dropsinconspicuous hiding placesin the New York area. [45] Fisher, unsuspecting, advised Hyhnen to leave the U.S. immediately to avoid FBI surveillance and handed him $200 for travel expenses. On February 10, 1962 it was exchanged in Berlin. Fisher, or "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel", was to serve his sentence (as prisoner 80016-A) at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, Georgia. In particular, he became a friend of Burton Silverman. [30] Fisher spent most of his first year organizing his network. On the evening of Monday, June 22, 1953, a delivery boy for the Brooklyn Eagle knocked on the door of one of his customers in the apartment building at 3403 Foster Avenue in Brooklyn. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}Pablo Escobar. [10] However, in 1938 he was dismissed from the NKVD, which the OGPU had been renamed to in 1934. [60] Donovan subsequently brought in attorney Thomas M. Debevoise to assist him;[61] Fisher was tried in Federal Court at New York City during October 1957, on three counts:[59]. [5] Following his recruitment, he worked for the OGPU as a radio operator in Norway, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and France. On 10 February 1962, he was exchanged for the shot-down American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers. He did, however, remember being taken to a storage room in Brooklyn by his superior, whom he knew as Mark. The FBI tracked down the storage room and found it was rented by one Emil R. Goldfus, an artist and photographer who had a studio in Brooklyn Heights. Thus, 1957 agents confront Rudolf Abel and He intends to shred the note. It had been placed in the dead drop about two years previously, but, by a trick of fate, a repair crew had filled the hole in the stairs with cement, entombing the bolt and the message it contained. She was to join him in the United States on February 20, 1953four months after his arrival here. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Soviet spy William Fisher, a.k.a. [27] Grigulevich gave Fisher a genuine birth certificate, a forged draft card and a forged tax certificate, all under the name of Emil Robert Goldfus, along with $1,000. FBI.gov is an official site of the U.S. Department of Justice. [27] Fisher, as Kayotis, then travelled aboard the RMSScythia from Le Havre, France, to North America, disembarking at Quebec. [43], By early 1957, Fisher had lost patience with Hyhnen and demanded that Moscow recall his deputy. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! Hayhanen obtained the impression that Mikhail was a Soviet diplomatic officialpossibly attached to the embassy or the United Nations. He adopted his alias when arrested on charges of conspiracy by the FBI in 1957. The exchange took place on the Glienicke Bridge that linked West Berlin with Potsdam, which became famous during the Cold War as the "Bridge of Spies". The lights went out at 11:52 p.m., and a man who appeared to generally fit the description of Mark stepped into the darkness outside the building. Rudolf Abel was born William Fisher in England in 1903. On May 7, the United States acknowledged that the U-2 had probably flown over Soviet territory but denied that it had authorized the mission. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The information which he provided was applied by FBI Laboratory experts to the microphotograph from the Jefferson nickel. Answer (1 of 4): Rudolf Abel fell victim to poor selection of a helper, if it was not enemy conspiracy in Moscow. Why? display. [27], On 26 November, Fisher met with Soviet "illegal" Josef Romvoldovich Grigulevich (codenamed "MAKS" or "ARTUR"). The longtime intelligence operative died in Moscow in 1971, his story later revived in the 2015 movie Bridge of Spies. There were not enough. At 6:50 p.m., this man departed on footthe agents, certain their presence had not been detected, chose to wait rather than take a chance of trailing the wrong man. At Donovan's initial meeting with Fisher, the latter accepted Donovan as his defense counsel. And both coins had a small hole in one printed letter so that a sharp-pointed instrument, such as a needle, could be used to open them. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel ( Russian: ), real name William August Fisher (11 July 1903 - 15 November 1971), was a Soviet intelligence officer. Rudolf Abel, was convicted of espionage in the United States in 1957 and later exchanged for imprisoned American Francis Gary Powers. Although Hayhanen assisted the FBI in solving the mystery of the hollow nickel, the information he furnished placed other critical challenges before the agents. For example, in 1954, Mark instructed him to locate an American Army sergeant, one formerly assigned to the United States Embassy in Moscow. Fisher was born William August Fisher[5] on 11 July 1903, in the Benwell area of Newcastle upon Tyne,[6] the second son of Heinrich and Lyubov Fisher. Arrested by the Immigration and Naturalization Service on an alien warrant based upon his illegal entry into the United States and failure to register as an alien, Mark displayed a defiant attitude. Hayhanen was born near Leningrad on May 14, 1920. Fisher was assigned New York lawyer James B. Donovan, and the two developed a strong rapport. [36] The real Maki had been born in the United States to a Finnish-American father and a New York mother in 1919. Near the tavern, he was told, he would find a signpost marked Horse Carts, You will let Mikhail know of your arrival by placing a red thumb tack in this signpost, a Soviet official told him. During the Cold War, Soviet spies worked together in the United States without revealing their names or addresses to each other, a precaution in the event that one was caught or, like Hayhanen, defected. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel . What happened to Rudolf Abel after the exchange? Sudoplatov later described this operation as "the most successful radio deception game of the war". From 1953 to 1957, though every effort was made to decipher the microphotograph, the FBI was unable to solve the mystery. This page was last edited on 16 April 2023, at 19:55. Upon returning to the United States, Powers was cleared by the CIA and the Senate of any personal blame for the U-2 incident. Reargued November 9, 1959. All Rights Reserved. this is just under two hours. The bolt was about two inches long and one-fourth inch in diameter. He mingled with New York artists, who were surprised by his admiration for the Russian painter Isaak Levitan, although Fisher was careful not to discuss Stalinist "socialist realism". He was, however, able to tell the FBI about Fisher's studio and its location. While the surveillance continued at 252 Fulton Street, other FBI agents made daily checks on the dead drops that Hayhanen stated he and Mark had used. Hyhnen confirmed that it was "MARK" in the photograph. When Kayotis friends in Michigan heard no more from him, they assumed that he had passed away. From July 1949 to October 1952, Hayhanen resided in Finland and established his identity as the American-born Eugene Maki. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. When he picked it up, almost like magic, the coinsplit in half. On July 3, 1951, Hayhanenthen living in Turku, Finlandvisited the United States Legation in Helsinki. He admitted his first Soviet contact in New York had been "MIKHAIL" and upon being shown a series of photographs of Soviet officials identified "MIKHAIL" as Mikhail Svirin. The FBI then turned its attention to Svirin's replacement. The certificate in the name of Collins was a forgery. All Rights Reserved. [32][69], After his return to Moscow, Fisher was employed by the Illegals Directorate of the KGB's First Chief Directorate, giving speeches and lecturing school children on intelligence work, but became increasingly disillusioned. [27], In July 1949, Fisher met with a "legal" KGB resident from the Soviet consulate general, who provided him with money. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The two ladies who had changed the newboys dollar on the evening of June 22 were located. [8][6] Fisher's father, a revolutionary activist, taught and agitated with Vladimir Lenin at Saint Petersburg Technological Institute. The surveillance continued on "MARK" and, on the night of 13 June, a light was seen to go on in Fisher's studio at 10:00 pm. Now I need your help.. Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Rudolf Abel, Birth Year: 1903, Birth date: July 11, 1903, Birth City: Newcastle Upon Tyne, Birth Country: England. Who Is Suspected Pentagon Leaker Jack Teixeira? He died in 1971. [2], The KGB did not discover Hyhnen's defection until August, although it is more than likely they notified Fisher earlier when Hyhnen failed to arrive in Moscow. The FBI first became aware of Abel's activities in 1953, when Abel's incompetent junior colleague Reino Hayhanen carelessly spent a hollow nickel that ended up in the hands of a paperboy. [2][4] On 15 November 1957, Judge Mortimer W. Byers imposed on Fisher a total sentence of thirty years and fines of $3,000. 2/9/2021, 7:27:06 PM. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [51], At 7:00 am on 21 June 1957, Fisher answered a knock on the door to his room, Room 839. Months of determined probing by the FBIs scientists and investigative staff had led merely to one blind alley after another. In 1948, Fisher slipped into the United States illegally by way of Canada. As the search for the source of the hollow nickel expanded across the United States, hollow subway tokens, trick coins, and similar objects were submitted to the FBI Laboratory by agents in various parts of the country. It had been hollowed out, and there was a small hole in the first a of the word Tasavalta which appeared on the tail side of this coin. 16 April 2023, at 19:55 he had then spent three years exile!: // means you 've safely connected to the United States Soviet spy in York! Vilnius, Lithuania case with the hollow nickel February 20, 1953four months after his here! Born July 2, 1902 in the mid-1920s, Eugene Makis parents deeply... 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