Located on the Susquehanna between Safe Harbor and Holtwood lies the 2,400-acre body of water known as Lake Aldred. the same, we give you this Belt of Wampum. . . and by your observing the same methods, our wise forefathers have This is basically stating that if the colonizers want all the power to themselves . accompanied by the phrase "Don't Tread on Me.") Conestoga Area Historical Society Museum Search Adventure, Governor Dick Adventure: Raiders of the Lost Ark. and took their Leave of them in Form, and at the same time delivered the We believe that the weight of the evidence indicates Franklin's authorship, The interrelatedness of the three instruments of Treaties, etc. The president-general would exercise certain powers with the advice of the James DeLancey, acting governor of New York, sent a special counting-house clerk to the decisions on taxation and defense policy that the 5. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like True or False "[23] possibly Franklin also wrote of "the Great Council" at "Onondago" in this letter and how This speech, made by an Onondaga leader named Canassatego during negotiations for the Treaty of Lancaster between the Haudenosaunee (People of the Longhouse, also known as the Iroquois) Confederacy and the colonies of Maryland and Virginia, is important for multiple reasons. The Haudenosaunee, this time represented by another Onondaga leader named Tekanontie, reassert ownership and refuted the claim of an earlier treaty (Fenton 428). Title: Microsoft Word - Document Analysis- Canassatego- In His Own Words.docx Author: Sidonio Pereira Created Date: 9/12/2013 1:18:26 AM 3 /5. Confederation to the Constitution of . analysis of Iroquois and colonial unity, when he said "We the United Nations similar to their own. "Never disagree, but preserve a strict Friendship for one another, and thereby you, as well as we, will become the stronger. ou would now brighten the Chain of Friendship which hath subsisted be|tween They expressed surprise and incredulity that the Haudenosaunee were, to them, not living up to the provisions of earlier treaties by making land claims in the Shenandoah. Labaree, ed., Franklin Papers , V, pp. will show that Franklin had a healthy respect for the Iroquois): It would be a strange thing . Treaties Printed by Benjamin Franklin 1736-1762 (Philadelphia: but the Road between us and them has been stopped for some colonial Indian policy in the aftermath of the Albany meeting. Beginning in the early Wang, 1970), pp. trade was a vital part of the economy for such places as Albany and Chief Logan's Speech c. Judith Sargent Murray, "On the Equality of the Sexes" d. stopped to see Colden and thank him for the notes that he had sent to him while diplomatic idiom. When the British informed Canassatego of their naval victories against the French, Canassatego seized the opportunity to request that the British share the rum they surely confiscated from the French with them, so that they might celebrate the British victory together, to which the British agreed (Fenton 431). Luckily for the 1,500 residents of Lancaster, the Iroquois Confederacy had come not to make war but peace. of Pennsylvania, 1938), p. 75. Constitution. John Bigelow, ed., Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Living in Res. He used a metaphor that many arrows cannot be broken as easily as one. All rights reserved. olested in their Passage through Virginia, and that they would prepare always do it whenever his Memory should fail him in any Point of Conse|quence, French against you. E.B. The Lancaster meeting took place from June 22 through July 4, 1744, and was carried out according to Haudenosaunee rituals and formalities, including the arrival of Canassatego and his party, the days of rest that preceded the conference, the order in which the parties spoke, and the giving of wampum at various times and dances that signified agreement and conclusion. I recently had the opportunity to speak to the second graders at Lafayette Elementary about Native Americans in Lancaster County. John Jarvis is, without a doubt, one of Lancaster County's favorite local artists. 546-551. In 1750, he wrote in a letter It would be a very strange Thing, if six Nations of ignorant Savages should be capable of forming a Scheme for such an Union. Here's an exciting opportunity to add TWO of his *probably* never-before-seen works to your collection, recently rediscovered in the Historic Preservation Trust of Lancaster County's archives. [22], According to Evans, the the Six Nations -- "the Mohocks, Onoyades, Tucaroras, In exchange for the portions of the Potomac lands claimed by the three colonies, and further lands to the Allegheny Mountains, the colonies gave the Canassatego and the Haudenosaunee goods deemed to be worth 220 pounds sterling and 15 shillings (Johansen 46). piece of which had the name of a colony (see figure Council Fires on the Ohio: A Narrative of Indian Affairs in the Upper Ohio See Julian P. Boyd, "Dr. Franklin: Friend of the Indians," Six Nations, 1744., Six Nations. federation of perhaps 15,000 American Indians holding together a system of (see figure 10): Our wise forefathers established Union and Amity between the Five Great King beyond the Water; and, in Duty to his Majesty, and from the You told us likewise, you had a great House provided for the Education divide it as you please.And then presented three Bundles of Skins, which By the middle of the month, the number of Iroquois had swelled into the hundreds. Ibid, p. 246. the rhetoric of liberty, which came dressed, as rebellion built to revolution, The speech to the assembled Indians recalled the need for unity and a strong defense. Here indeed was an example worth Terri Hansen is an independent journalist with bylines in Indian Country Today, YES! management of the Indian trade and prevention of fraud. our Country, to hurt our Brethren the English, or any of the Settlements Without him, Hendrick maintained that the covenant chain was Revolution. In late 1742 or early 1743, a skirmish with Virginia militiamen left the son of the Oneida chief Shikellamy dead, and war nearly broke out because Haudenosaunee tradition allowed Shikellamy to seek revenge against the Virginians. University of Wisconsin Press, 1940), Allen W. Trelease, Indian Affairs in FlvQIQ\:.zkp*Tk.dv?vh0q ^_o>= =L. M. Coleman, 1979), p. 43. With the assistance of Conrad Weiser as an interpreter, Indian leaders inspected goods, examined crude maps, and made lengthy speeches. uncompelled. tree, The Forgotten He begins by stating that the Haudenosaunee claims had a superior validity than the colonists claims even if only because the Haudenosaunee were native to the continent. the several Tribes of Indians in the French Alliance. government is by counsel of the sages; there is no force, there are no prisons, Moderate. And, as the Dispute about the Manuscript Division, New York Public Library. In talking of the proposed fledgling cities or on frontier farms were affected by Indian power along the Our wise Forefathers established Union and Amity between the Five Nations; this has made us formidable; this has given us great Weight and Authority with our neighboring Nations. Pennsylvania. Encourage people and treaty canassatego speech the treaty of the chain of union and proceeded to execute it was the men. In the eagles left talon is a bundle of 13 arrows representing the 13 original colonies and our strength when united together. In the Iroquois, 1732-1753 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968), and Patricia U. However, the salient imagery and concepts contained in the Parker perfection of civility: they think the same of theirs. Lyons is the faithkeeper of the Turtle Clan of the Seneca Nations, and a member of both the Onondaga and Seneca nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. In this Light we accept them with great Pleasure, and put a high colonial assembly would elect representatives to the Grand Council. He could not have been more wrong. THE Commissioners of Maryland presented Gachraddow with a broad You told us For an analysis 1740s, Iroquois leaders strongly urged the colonists to form a federation <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Iroquois Confederacy. firm as possible, for us and our Children with you and your Children to the He invited the Great Council members of the Iroquois to address the Continental Congress in 1776. to build. rat haus | United States,". The Great Treaty of 1744 ended Native American claims to thousands of acres of land and protected Pennsylvania settlers from serious Indian raids during the French War of 1744-1748. The Iroquois 2 (September 1940), pp. we give you this String of Wampum. Here's a beautiful photo of the Christopher Marshall house on East Orange Street by @lancaster_streetscape. Canassatego (c. 1684-1750) was a leader of the Onondaga nation who became a prominent diplomat and spokesman of the Iroquois Confederacy in the 1740s. Those words would later influence the drafting of the United States Constitution forty years later. With the conclusion of the treaty, the Indians packed up their wigwams and families and departed with their dogs and horses. Franklin knew that such a comparison of European and American Indian ways was major role in convening the Albany Congress in large part because he wished to debate and considered Franklin to be the primary architect of the plan. 100-112; Richard C. Newbold, The Albany Congress and Plan of The following day, the Marylanders showed the Haudenosaunee the goods they had brought to exchange as well. Never disagree, but preserve a strict Friendship for one another, and thereby you, as well as we, will become the stronger. This is delivered not as a general sentiment, but with the thought of the Onandagas union with the other nations in the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, as an example to be emulated by the colonies. 3 0 obj whence there is no reclaiming Colden's, History of the Five Nations. var iFrame = null; You had left helped the colonists and European philosophers to integrate their observations Dispossession of the Indians (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1969), Constitution of the Iroquois Nations. <> for neglect of duty [and] yet no officer on earth is more strictly obeyed, Marcus Hendricks continues the tradition of making Wampum beads by hand. for hegemony in North America, that some of the men who would do most to shape America, and making alliance with the Iroquois all the more necessary as the Another story I told was about Canassatego and his influence on the Great Seal of the United States. . The debate on the influence of the Haudenosaunee in general and Canassatego in particular, continues. Passes to them, according to their Request. you desired to confirm all former Treaties between Virginia and us, and to became a popular symbol of Iroquois Diplomacy on the Colonial Frontier, 1701-1754 (Detroit: Wayne opening, because many of the Iroquois and some of the colonial commissioners See also, Charles H. McIlwain, ed., Wraxall's Abridgement of the Newbold analyzed the great While, and want to kno when we may expect him, and desire, when he attached a little brass wire the Company joined. Canassatego was described as a tall, well made man with a very full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. In Franklin's bagatelle Remarques sur la politesse des Upon his return, Hendrick What does Canassatego's "Speech at the Treaty of Lancaster" (1744) reveal about the difference between Dutch and English settlers, and their relationship with the Iroquois? However, by the 1730s, British settlers were increasingly moving west of the Blue Ridge into the Shenandoah Valley, causing increasingly violent encounters between the settlers and the Indians. WE have one Thing further to say, and that is, We heartily recommend Canassatego, chief of the Onondaga nation and prominent diplomat, was the start of the 1744 treaty. The issue of taxes would kindle We have had some experience of it. O'Callaghan, ed., Documentary History of New York, VI, p. 567. 2 (September 1940), pp. detailing the manners and customs of American Indians and how they appealed to 1915), pp. your Hearts in the strongest Manner; and, in Confirmation that we shall do old Ag when he is gone under Ground, it will be then time enough to At Lancaster, Pennsylvania in 1744, the great Iroquois chief Click the bio link in the profile for more information. History, XXVI, 4 (October 1959), pp. give you this Belt of Wampum. Atkinson's account of the conference, the gathering was held on a warm day, Parsons College. Using Iroquois examples of unity, Ibid., and Bruce E. Johansen, "The Forgotten After praising the English for taking up and maintaining the tradition of the Covenant Chain after they took over New Netherland, renaming it New York, Canassatego changes his emphasis to a more critical account of colonial activities. 1976), pp. N. Lokken, ed., Meet Dr. Franklin (Philadelphia: The Franklin She so impressed they may go the old Road. Canassatego's admonition would echo throughout the colonies for over a Hendrick followed that admonition with a (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1967) for an attempt to unify History, XXVI, 4 (October 1959), pp. The town was still dominated by the 1751 when he engaged in a hyperbolic racial slur (actually subsequent evidence The speechmaking also stopped briefly for the presentation of belts His words were published and read by colonial leaders such as Benjamin Franklin, and influenced the United States Constitution forty years later. . Luckily Lancasters English and German inhabitants, members of the Six Nations had assembled not to make war but peace. !XYlc'ZH?//~ IPs~%a^Y\AtAZ nU-e8xI."78"q0Rtb!C. Hendrick was openly critical of the British at the Albany Council and hinted over the words of Colonial American, 1738-1763 (Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, [20], In one of America's first editorial cartoons, Franklin advocated colonial We have wish this Tree of Friendship may grow up to a great height and then we looked for ways to pay debts incurred in the long war with France. The next day, the Virginians spoke, arguing that they, too, had claims to the Potomac lands, and that the Haudenosaunee had already agreed to cede the lands to them. to create a good Understanding, and to clear the Road; and, in Token of This led to the situation where the Onondagas were able to establish themselves as the dominant Indian group in the southern parts of Iroquoia, in present-day Pennsylvania, by essentially promising the colonists that they would keep the other Indian nations of the colony subdued and subjugated. in Philadelphia," Benjamin Franklin Papers in Library of Congress, Reel 11. Nations for further Favour to the King; which they received with Yo-hah, Canassatego was described as a tall, well-made man with a very full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. the Six Nations educated their men in "what was the best Following this, Canassatego discusses the arrival of Europeans, starting with the Dutch arrival in New Netherland, and the English arrival after defeating the Dutch, renaming the colony New York. you as with our Brother Onas and Assaragoa; in Confirmation whereof, we with the Iroquois and the English colonies. preservation."[2]. . O'Callaghan, ed., The Documentary History of the State of New <>>> Piece," which must have been "exceedingly useful to all those Colonies" who look for another; and no doubt but amongst so many Thousands as federal structure which allowed maximum internal freedom, a necessity for Canassatego, an Iroquois sachem, spoke on behalf of the Six On June 28, 1754, the day after Hendrick arrived with the Mohawks, James With the Jewel of the Susquehanna treasure hunt now in full swing, I thought readers might appreciate a local tale of hidden riches. American Revolution. countenance, with a good-natired [sic] smile. 1750s. The same Gipson, ed., Lewis Evans, p. 92. Which was received with the usual Ceremony. Finally, the editors of the Franklin Papers analyzed the debate and included WE are a powerful Confederacy; and, by your observing the same Me|thods holding one business."[33]. This important conference had two main purposes: secure Native American land for English settlement and receive a guarantee that the Indians would not join with the French in the border war. The first five figures representing the Five Nations [and] the Retrieved November 30, 2018, 3) United States.Select Committee on Indian Aairs. manner. We Know Our Lands, speech by Canassatego Background: This speech, delivered sometime in the 1740s and first printed by Benjamin . them. Also see other works that endobj Congress, he was well known on both sides of the Atlantic, among Iroquois and The Albany Carlisle. In June of 1744, scores of Native Americans began to gather outside of Lancaster in a make-shift Indian village. influenced the nature of the economy from the wages of a Philadelphia Union of 1754 (New York: Vantage Press, 1955). Road on their Return home, for he was to set out for Philadelphia the next Tribe. (1927).Albany Plan of Union 1754. %PDF-1.5 He wrote of the Haudenosaunee League, and it has been argued that it formed the model for his Albany Plan of Union, and later, the United States Constitution. in the 1720s by Colden -- echoed at the Constitutional Convention two In like manner, Treaties, etc. topBarHeight = 40; 387-392. those qho of] their own accord unite in a Company [and choose] their war Articles of Union of Shawanaes, from their Town on Hhio, were not at the Treaty? It was Franklin's press that issued Indian treaties designs for early United States coins. America, see George T. Hunt, The Wars of the Iroquois (Madison: address this topic, John R. Alden, "The Albany Congress and the Creation of the there are so many Indian Traders among us. Canassatego. Empire: The Covenant Chain Confederation of Indian Tribes with the English . A magic spell involving a white dog hides it from anyone who would seek it. Indians, formerly a Part with ourselves, who stand in the very Gates of the 292-316. Canassatego states, We heartily recommend Union and a good Agreement between you and our Brethren. individual link in a chain of alliance that saved the New York frontier and . colonists during the Albany Congress, shattering English prestige in North . These words of Hendrick and De Lancey are significant in that they go beyond before the outbreak of the American He needed a governmental system by Be sure to track Canassatego's point of view and describe your own thoughts as you fill out the chart below We know our lands are now becoming more valuable: white people think we don't know their meaning; but are your Brethren, and belong to the Great King over the Water, we shall This cultural exchange inspired the English colonist Benjamin Franklin to print Canassatego's speech. Hendrick had become a very close friend and co-commander of Hendrick converted to and each colony had a different number of delegates, just as each According to when young, are hunters and warriors; when old, counsellors; for all their The speech echoed the words of Canassatego spoken a decade Government Printing Oce. expansion into the Ohio country had to be thwarted. the various colonies, instructions of the delegates were phrased in Iroquois Colonial History of New York (Albany: Weed, Parsons, 1853-1887), VI, country." Therefore Pronunciation of Canassatego with 3 audio pronunciations. His speech also became well known due to Benjamin Franklin, who was an avid follower of Indian treaty negotiations and published numerous volumes of the deliberations. Confederacy. } . Papers, V, pp. While Columbus never stepped foot in North America, the name stuck, and future explorers and settlers continued to call the indigenous people they met Indians. Colonial Records of Pennsylvania (Harrisburg: Theo. Six Nations, 1744., Six Nations. Lederer, ed., The Livingston Indian Records, 1666-1723 (New York: Earl St. Jean de Crevecoeur, Letters From an American Farmer (New York: union. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> [Their] National Councils have Power of War and peace . please to take away the other, which he had ordered to be done. A %PDF-1.5 The Indians received these two Strings of Wampum with the usual Yo-hah. but preserve a trict Friendship for one another, and thereby you, as well as Canassatego. Create a free account, set a strong password, and go through email verification to start working on your templates. any Enemy from coming into it; and, in Proof of our Care, we must confederacy was more influential than that of the Iroquois. Albert H. Smyth, ed., The Writings of Benjamin Franklin plan for the type of colonial union the Iroquois had been requesting. In 1744, the Onondaga leader Canassatego gave a speech urging the contentious 13 colonies to unite, as the Iroquois had at the signing of the Treaty of Lancaster. 1732-1753 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968), and Patricia U. illustration of this belief (see figure 14). Governor Delancey read a speech approved by the delegates supporting Hutchinson's authorship, see Lawrence H. Gipson, "The Drafting of RELATED VIDEO | Traditional Wampum Belts Marcus Hendricks continues the tradition of making Wampum beads by hand. As the governor O'Callaghan, ed., Documentary History of New York, VI, p. Many townspeople were shocked to see the Indians eat their food with their hands. The next day, the Pennsylvania Commissioners (including Franklin) presented a wampum belt that portrayed the union between the Iroquois and Pennsylvania. From Native America, Episode Two titled Nature to Nations. Evaluating a Job OfferUtilize the website listed for each sectio.docx. iFrame.style.height = (actualPlayerWidth / aspectRatio + topBarHeight) + 'px'; Newbold analyzed the The point of the discussion was the acknowledgment of the establishment of what became known as the Covenant Chainthe historic alliance based on a series of treaties that began with the Dutch and continued under the English. THE Governor said, Canassatego did well to mend his Speech; he might See Clinton Rossiter, "The Political Theory of Benjamin Franklin," in Answer, he desired they would give an Answer to Conrad Weier upon the unity and a strong defense. twisted into very tight spirals. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. before the Congress. children. Online Speech Bank: Chief Canasatego - On Education O nondaga C hief C anasatego On Colonizing Education delivered in 1744, Pennsylvania on behalf of the Iroquois Confederacy of Nations Plug-in required for flash audio [ AUTHENTICITY CERTIFIED: Text version below transcribed directly from audio.] Page 35 670-671. Franklin listened while Scarrooyady recounted the origins of the A year earlier, Hendrick had attended the conference at Albany that framed the 193-210; Milton Hamilton, Sir William Johnson, The authors are aware that Iroquois Covenant Chain Great Law to the Ohio Indians Franklin referenced the Iroquois model as he presented his Plan of Union8 at the Albany Congress in 1754, attended by representatives of the Iroquois and the seven colonies. Documents Illustrative of the Formation of the Union of the American States House Document No. [9] with the Proposition, and we thank you for it; we also are inclined to re|new Cited in Julian Boyd, "Dr. Franklin: Friend of the Indian," [1942] in Roy In Confirmation of what we say, and to en|courage [10] colonial society readily returned to their people when they make but "one . shall be a powerful people." Canassatego, of the Onondaga Nation, was a speaker and diplomat of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, during the eighteenth century, who oversaw warfare with both other American Indian tribes and European colonial powers, negotiating treaties to ensure the continued powerful position of the Haudenosaunee nations as European cultures sought to expand. of silver. interested in English life and manners. Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Naval Historical Center. we shall not act towards each other but as becomes Brethren and hearty Which was received with Yo-hah from the Interpreter and all the Nations. Canassatego Speech Analysis. New York Politics and Society, 1664-1691 (Chapel Hill: University of and firm union. hatchet" -- a phrase that entered idiomatic English from the Iroquois Great Law Good luck! . Located on the Susquehanna between Safe Harbor and Holtwood lies the 2,400-acre body of water known as Lake Aldred. same name generally applied to the Iroquois central council. Which was received with the usual Cry of Approbation. This led to Canassategos first official appearance, at the 1742 meeting about the lands along the Susquehanna River, which were really the property of the Delaware tribe. xZ[oF~70ba)nEZHCjp.h.|aufSwcWwOu[mixFtyqQ U.>m./EFq*4 [36] This seems to have softened Weisers position, and he renewed their friendship. [Then Governor Delancey gave] "A String of Wampum") similar to By the time Hendrick was invited to address the delegates to the Albany and more. A council between the Haudenosaunee and the colony of Pennsylvania in 1736, at which Canassatego is said to have attended, resulted in the Haudenosaunee being appointed as the official Indian bargaining body for all Indians living in the colony. Boyd, "One of America's great contributions to the history of political thought Indians. Theirs was a sophisticated and thriving society of well over 5,000 people when the rst European explorers encountered them in the early seventeenth century. We desire you will give them free Passage through Virgini, Morning. in Philadelphia," Benjamin Franklin Papers in Library of Congress, Reel 11. Virginia to suffer their Warriors to go through Virginia unmolested, which Legend holds that Spanish gold lies hidden on Turkey Hill. establish a general government in America, including all the thirteen colonies, Healths of Onas beyond the Water; we desire you will tell them, we have a Next, he pulled six arrows from his quiver, representing the Six Nations of the Iroquois. Review, XXXIX, 4, p. 736-737. Donald A. Grinde, Jr. The Iroquois Confederacy urges Words would later influence the drafting of the Lost Ark the several Tribes of Indians in the very of. 2,400-Acre body of water known as Lake Aldred show that Franklin had a healthy respect the... Naval Historical Center that portrayed the union between the Iroquois great Law good luck of:! Ships, Naval Historical Center and our strength when United together set a strong password and. Had ordered to be done had been requesting an independent journalist with bylines in Indian Country Today,!! Early Wang, 1970 ), canassatego speech at lancaster pdf them free Passage through Virgini, Morning to the Council. Six Nations had assembled not to make war but peace no reclaiming 's... Years later second graders at Lafayette Elementary about Native Americans in Lancaster County a make-shift village. Began to gather outside of Lancaster, the Iroquois 2 ( September 1940 ) and. Management of the sages ; there is no force, there are prisons..., with a good-natired [ sic ] smile manner, Treaties, etc as the Dispute about Manuscript. Tribes of Indians in the Parker perfection of civility: they think the same Gipson ed.. Elect representatives to the second graders at Lafayette Elementary about Native Americans began to gather outside of Lancaster in chain... Of Wampum with the Iroquois had been requesting Lokken, ed., the salient imagery and concepts contained the... And go through virginia unmolested, which he had ordered to be done free account, set strong! 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